Appearance
Barred owls are a large species of owl with brown and white striping, a rounded head, and dark eyes. Although very similar in appearance, female barred owls are noticeably larger than males.
Habitat
Barred owls live in dense-foliage forests across Florida, typically preferring deciduous forests like oak hammocks. They also frequently use cypress swamps and mixed woodlands within suburban areas. Barred owl territories usually have access to a nearby water source like a creek or pond. Their range extends throughout the eastern United States, southern Canada, and down into northern California, Oregon, and Washington.
Behavior
Of all of Florida’s owls, barred owls are the most commonly seen by people. Their dark-brown, almost black eyes help them see better (and possibly better camouflage them) when hunting at night. However, they are frequently out and sleeping perched on a branch during the day. They hunt small animals, including rats, rabbits, squirrels, frogs, lizards, snakes, and birds up to the size of a crow. They are also able to fish somewhat, watching from nearby trees and scooping up fish and crawfish in the shallows. They call a “Who-cooks-for-you? Who-cooks-for-you-all” series of hoots to defend their territory from other owls.
In late January and early February, barred owls begin nesting. Barred owls prefer nesting in the cavities of old trees, but they may sometimes use an old crow or hawk nest as a base. The female incubates the eggs and defends the nestlings, while the male hunts to ensure everyone stays fed. It takes about 28 to 33 days for the eggs to hatch, and then another 28 to 35 days for the owlets to learn how to fly. During this time, eggs and owlets are vulnerable to predation. Barred owl pairs remain together throughout the year, jointly protecting their territory and chicks.
Living with owls
Photo credit: Jessica Moore/FWC
Barred owls, like most raptors, provide natural pest control in our communities by keeping rodent populations in check. Unfortunately, rodents in suburban and urban areas might expose owls to rodenticide poisoning. If rodenticides are used, it is recommended to take care and follow these guidelines.
Sometimes, if an owl nest is close to a yard or neighborhood sidewalk, parent owls may feel protective of their nests and swoop at people or pets. It is recommended to keep a distance, if possible. In some cases, young owls learning how to fly may end up on the ground for extended periods. While this may look like the owl is in danger, parent owls are typically watching nearby and ready to swoop on any perceived predators. If the owlet appears to be active and able to flap its wings unhindered, people are recommended to keep their distance. If the owl appears to be injured, contact a wildlife rehabilitator for assistance. Owls, young, and their active nests are protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. For more tips on preventing and resolving conflicts with owls and other raptors, see below.
Owls can be an enjoyable neighborhood visitor to observe. To sustainably support owls and other wildlife in your yard, follow FWC’s guide to creating wildlife habitat at home.