HAB Publications

Hall, E.R., Yates, K.K., Hubbard, K.A., Garrett, M.J., Frankle, J.D. 2024. Nutrient and carbonate chemistry patterns associated with Karenia brevis blooms in three West Florida Shelf estuaries 2020-2023. Front Mar Sci. 11:1331285. Open Access

Hubbard, K.A., Villac, M.C., Chadwick, C., DeSmidt, A.A., Flewelling, L., Granholm, A., Joseph, M., Wood, T., Fachon, E., Brosnahan, M.L., Richlen, M., Pathare, M., Stockwell, D., Lin, P., Bouchard, J.N., Pickart, R., Anderson, D.M. 2023. Spatiotemporal transitions in Pseudo-nitzschia species assemblages and domoic acid along the Alaska coast. PLoS ONE 18(3): e0282794. Open Access

Kaminski, S.G., Lopez, C.B., Shankar, S., Geiger, S.P. 2023. Effect of short-term exposure of toxic Pyrodinium bahamense on the clearance rate of eastern oysters. Fla Sci. 86(2):168–76. Order Publication

Liu, Y., Weisberg, R.H., Zheng, L., Hubbard, K.A., Mulbach, E.G., Garrett, M.J., Hu, C., Cannizzaro, J.P., Xie, Y., Chen, J., John, S., Liu, L.Y. 2023. Short-term forecast of Karenia brevis trajectory on the West Florida Shelf. Deep Sea Res 2 Top Stud Oceanogr. 212:105335. Order Publication

Lopez, C.B., Shankar, S., Kaminski, S.G., Hubbard, K.A. 2023. Pyrodinium bahamense bloom dynamics in Old Tampa Bay, FL, with a focus on Feather Sound. Fla Sci. 86(2):62–71. Order Publication

Shankar, S., Lopez, C.B., Kaminski, S.G., Hubbard, K.A., Flewelling, L.J. 2023. Toxicity of Pyrodinium bahamense cells and resting cysts in Tampa Bay, Florida. Fla Sci. 86(2):72–81. Order Publication

Anderson, D.M., Fachon, E., Hubbard, K.A., Lefebvre, K.A., Lin, P., Pickart, R., Richlen, M., Sheffield, G., Van Hemert, C. 2022. Harmful Algal Blooms in the Alaskan Arctic: An Emerging Threat as the Ocean Warms. Oceanography 35(2):121.Open Access

Beck, M.W., Altieri, A., Angelini, C., Burke, M.C., Chen, J., Chin, D.W., Gardiner, J., Hu, C., Hubbard, K.A., Liu, Y. 2022. Initial estuarine response to inorganic nutrient inputs from a legacy mining facility adjacent to Tampa Bay, Florida. Marine Pollution Bulletin 178: 113598. Open Access

Clark, S., Hubbard, K.A., Ralston, D.K., McGillicuddy Jr, D.J., Stock, C., Alexander, M.A., Curchitser, E. 2022. Projected effects of climate change on Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. Journal of Marine Systems 230: 103737. Open Access

Heil, C.A., Amin, S.A., Glibert, P.M., Hubbard, K.A., Li, M., Martinez, J.M., Weisberg, R., Liu, Y., Sun, Y. 2022. Termination patterns of Karenia brevis blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Zenodo. 7034923. Open Access

Hu, C., Yao, Y., Cannizzaro, J.P., Garrett, M., Harper, M., Markley, L., Villac, C., Hubbard, K. 2022. Karenia brevis bloom patterns on the west Florida shelf between 2003 and 2019: Integration of field and satellite observations. Harmful Algae 117: 102289. Order Publication 

Keller Abbe, S., Henschen, K., Markley, L., Villac, C., Muhlbach, E., Tilney, C., Hoeglund, A., Gao, Y., Biddle, A., Paperno, R., Johnson, L., Saam, T., Torpey, J., Wallace, C., Moore, T., McFarland, M., Swanson, C., Hubbard, K. 2022. Tracking a novel cyanobacterium bloom in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, U.S.A., during the summer and fall of 2020. Zenodo. 7034980. Open Access

Liu, Y., Weisberg, R.H., Zheng, L., Heil, C.A., Hubbard, K.A. 2022. Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 272: 107901. Order Publication

Richlen, M.L., Curran, M.C., Chadwick, C., Hubbard, K.A. 2022. Slicing the pie: Interpreting harmful algal blooms one pie chart at a time, Science Activities: 1-11. Order Publication

Stumpf, R.P., Kirkpatrick, B., Collins, K., Currier, R., Tomlinson, M.C., Hubbard, K.A., Hoeglund, A., Craig, G., Reisinger, T., Meredith, A., Hardison, D.R., and Holland, W.C. 2022. Improving forecasts for Karenia brevis in the Gulf of Mexico. Zenodo. Open Access

Stumpf, R.P., Li, Y., Kirkpatrick, B., Litaker, R.W., Hubbard, K.A., Currier, R.D., Harrison, K.K., Tomlinson, M.C. 2022. Quantifying Karenia brevis bloom severity and respiratory irritation impact along the shoreline of Southwest Florida. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0260755. Open Access

Tilney, C.L., Hubbard, K.A. 2022. Expression of nuclear-encoded, haptophyte-derived ftsH genes support extremely rapid PSII repair and high-light photoacclimation in Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae). Harmful Algae. 118:102295. Order Publication

Abbott, G.M., Landsberg, J.H., Reich, A.R., Ursin, E., Samit, M., editors. 2021. Resource guide for public health response to harmful algal blooms in Florida, second version. St. Petersburg, FL: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. FWRI Technical Report 14, version 2.0. Open Access

Abraham, A., Flewelling, L.J., El Said, K.R., Odom, W., Geiger, S.P., Granholm, A.A., Jackson, J.T., Bodager, D. (2021). An occurrence of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning by consumption of gastropods contaminated with brevetoxins. Toxicon. 191:9–17. Order Publication

Anderson, D.M., Fensin, E, Gobler, C.J., Hoeglund, A.E., Hubbard, K.A., Kulis, D.M., Landsberg, J.H., Lefebvre, K.A., Provoost, P., Richlen, M.L., Smith, J.L., Solow, A.R., Trainer, V.L. 2021. Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States: history, current status and future trends. Harmful Algae 102:101975. Open Access

Clark, S., Hubbard, K.A., McGillicuddy Jr, D.J., Ralston, D.K., Shankar, S. 2021. Investigating Pseudo-nitzschia australis introduction to the Gulf of Maine with observations and models. Continental Shelf Research 228: 104493. Open Access.

Lopez, C.B., Tilney, C.L., Muhlbach, E., Bouchard, J.N., Villac, M.C., Henschen, K.L., Markley, L.R., Abbe, S.K., Shankar, S., Shea, C.P., Flewelling, L., Garrett, M., Badylak, S., Phlips, E.J., Hall, L.M., Lasi, M.A., Parks, A.A., Paperno, R., Adams, D., Edwards, D.D., Schneider, J.E., Wald, K.B., Biddle, A.R., Landers, S.L., Hubbard, K.A. 2021. High-resolution spatiotemporal dynamics of harmful algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—a case study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia. Front Mar Sci. 8:1737. Open Access

Niedringhaus, K.D., Shender, L.A., DiNuovo, A., Flewelling, L.J., Maboni, G., Sanchez, S., Deitschel, P.J., Fitzgerald, J., Nemeth, N.M. 2021. Mortality in Common (Sterna hirundo) and Sandwich (Thalasseus sandvicensis) Terns Associated with Bisgaard Taxon 40 Infection on Marco Island, Florida, USA. Journal of Comparative Pathology 184:12-18. Order Publication

Flewelling, L.J., Corcoran, A.A., Granholm, A.A., Takeuchi, N.Y., Van Hoeck, R.V., Zahara, M.L. (2020). Validation and assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for use in monitoring and managing neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Journal of Shellfish Research 39(2):491–500. Order Publication

Hollister, A.P., Kerr, M., Malki, K., Muhlbach, E., Robert, M., Tilney, C.L., Breitbart, M., Hubbard, K.A., Buck, K.N. (2020). Regeneration of macronutrients and trace metals during phytoplankton decay: an experimental study. Limnology and Oceanography 65(8):1936-1960. Open Access

Villac, M.C., Hoeglund, A., Tilney, C., Garrett, M., Lopez, C., Hubbard, K.A., Steidinger, K.A. 2020. Ecophysiology and Bloom Dynamics of Karenia with Emphasis on Karenia brevis in Florida Waters. In D.V. Subba Rao (ed.). Dinoflagellates: Classification, Evolution, Physiology, and Ecological Significance.  Chapter 8, p. 261-301. Nova Science Publishers, New York. Order Publication

Cannizzaro, J.P., Barnes, B.B., Hu, C., Corcoran, A.A., Hubbard, K.A., Muhlbach, E., Sharp, W.C., Brand, L.E., Kelble, C.R. 2019. Remote detection of cyanobacteria blooms in an optically shallow subtropical lagoonal estuary using MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 231:111227. Order Publication.

Foley, A.M., Stacy, B.A., Schueller, P., Flewelling, L.J., Schroeder, B., Minch, K., Fauquier, D.A., Foote, J.J., Manire, C.A., Atwood, K.E., Granholm, A.A., Landsberg, J.H. (2019). Assessing Karenia brevis red tide as a mortality factor of sea turtles in Florida, USA. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 132(2):109–124. Open Access

Lopez, C.B., Karim, A., Murasko, S., Marot, M., Smith, C.G., Corcoran, A.A. (2019), Temperature mediates secondary dormancy in resting cysts of Pyrodinium bahamense (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology 55: 924-935. Order Publication

Sawaya, N.A., Djurhuus, A., Closek, C.J., Hepner, M., Olesin, E., Visser, L., Kelble,C., Hubbard, K.A., Breitbart, M. (2019). Assessing Eukaryotic Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Through Environmental DNA Metabarcoding. Ecology and Evolution 9(3):1029-1040. Open Access

Weisberg, R.H., Yonggang, L., Lembke, C., Hu, C., Hubbard, K., Garrett, M. (2019). The Coastal Ocean Circulation Influence on the 2018 West Florida Shelf K. brevis Red Tide Bloom. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124. Order Publication

Abraham, A., El Said, K.R., Flewelling, L.J. (2018). Role of biomarkers in monitoring brevetoxins in Karenia brevis exposed shellfish. Food Safety 6(1):33-43. Open Access

Amaya, O., Quintanilla, R., Stacy, B.A., Dechraoui Bottein, M-Y, Flewelling, L., Hardy, R., Dueñas, C., Ruiz, G. (2018). Large-scale sea turtle mortality events in El Salvador attributed to paralytic shellfish toxin-producing algae blooms. Frontiers in Marine Science 5(411):1-10. Order Publication

Bates, S.S., Hubbard, K.A., Lundholm, N., Montresor, M., and Leaw, C.P. (2018). Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. Harmful Algae, 79: 3-43. Order Publication

Bowers, H.A., Ryan, J.P., Hayashi, K., Woods, A.L., Marin, R., Smith, G.J., Hubbard,  K.A., Doucette, G.J., Mikulski,^, C.M., Gellene, A.G., Zhang, Y., Kudela, R.M., Caron, D.A., Birch, J.M., Scholin, C.A. (2018). Diversity and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia species in Monterey Bay: Perspectives from targeted and adaptive sampling. Harmful Algae, 78:129-141. Order Publication

Buttke, D.E., Walker, A., Huang, I-S, Flewelling, L., Lankton, J., Ballmann, A.E., Clapp, T., Lindsay, J., Zimba, P.V. (2018). Green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) and ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus spilosoma) mortality attributed to inland brevetoxin transport at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, USA, 2015. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 54(1):142-146. Access Publication

Smith, J., Gellene, A.G., Hubbard, K.A., Bowers, H.A., Kudela, R.M., Hayashi, K., and Caron, D.A. (2018). Pseudo-nitzschia species composition varies concurrenly with domoic acid concentrations during two different bloom events in the Southern California Bight. Journal of Plankton Research, Volume 40(1): 29–45. Open Access

Steidinger, K.A., Meave del Castillo, M.E. [Eds.] (2018) Guide to the identification of harmful microalgae in the Gulf of Mexico; Volume I: Taxonomy. Volume II: Methods & Approaches. Order Publication

Walker, J.S., Shaver, D.J., Stacy, B.A., Flewelling, L.J., Broadwater, M.H., Wang, Z. (2018). Brevetoxin exposure in sea turtles in south Texas (USA) during Karenia brevis red tide. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 127(2):145-150. Open Access

Cocilova, C.C., Flewelling, L., Bossart, G., Granholm, A., and Milton, S. (2017) Tissue uptake, distribution and excretion of brevetoxin-3 after oral and intratracheal exposure in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta and the diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin. Aquatic Toxicology 187:29-37. Order Publication

Corcoran, A.A., Wolny, J., Leone, E., Ivey, J., and Murasko, S. 2017. Drivers of phytoplankton dynamics in old Tampa Bay, FL (USA), a subestuary lagging in ecosystem recovery. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 185:130-140. Order Publication

Martin, J., Runge, M.C., Flewelling, L.J., Deutsch, C.J., and Landsberg, J.H. (2017). An expert elicitation process to project the frequency and magnitude of Florida manatee mortality events caused by red tide (Karenia brevis). In U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1132. Order Publication

Liu, Y., Weisberg, R.H., Lenes, J.M., Zheng, L., Hubbard, K., and Walsh, J.J. (2016). Offshore forcing on the "pressure point" of the West Florida Shelf: Anomalous upwelling and its influence on harmful algal blooms. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121: 5501–5515. Order Publication

Abraham, A., El Said, K.R., Wang, Y., Jester, E.L., Plakas, S.M., Flewelling, L.J., Henry, M.S., Pierce, R.H. (2015). Biomarkers of brevetoxin exposure and composite toxin levels in hard clam (Mercenaria sp.) exposed to Karenia brevis blooms. Toxicon 96:82-88. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.01.014

Fire, S.E., Flewelling, L.J., Stolen, M., Noke Durden, W., de Wit, M., Spellman, A.C., Wang, Z. (2015). Brevetoxin-associated mass mortality event of bottlenose dolphins and manatees along the east coast of Florida, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 526:241-251. Order Publication

Hu, C., Barnes, B.B., Qi, L., and Corcoran, A.A. 2015. A harmful algal bloom of Karenia brevis in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico as revealed by MODIS and VIIRS: A comparison. Sensors 2015, 15, 2873-2887; doi:10.3390/s150202873.

Hu, C., Murch, B., Corcoran, A.A., Zheng, L., Barnes, B.B., Weisberg, B.H., Atwood, K., and Lenes, M.G. 2015. Developing a smart semantic web with linked data and models for near real-time monitoring of red tides in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. IEEE Systems Journal. doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2015.2440782.

Richardson, B., Corcoran, A.A.  2015. Use of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus by axenic and nonaxenic clones of Karenia brevis and Karenia mikimotoi. Harmful Algae 48: 30-36.

Santamaria-del-Angel, E., Soto, I., Millan-Nunez, R., Gonzalez-Silvera, A., Wolny, J., Cerdeira-Estrada, S., Cajal-Medrano, R., Muller-Karger, F., Cannizzaro, J., Padilla-Rosasm Y.X.S., Mercado-Santant, A., Gracia-Escobar, M.G., Alvarez-Torres, P., and Ruiz-de-la-Torre, M.C. (2015). Phytoplankton Blooms: New Initiative Using Marine optiocs as a Basis for Monitoring Programs. In Coastal Ecosystems: Experiences and Recommendations for Environmental Monitoring Programs, Edition: Serie: Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology, Chapter: 4, Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Editors: Maria-Teresa Sebastia-Frasquet, pp.32.

Sheridan, N., Fautin, D., Garrett, M. (2015). Gametogenesis and reproduction periodicity of the “biologically vulnerable” giant Caribbean sea anemone, Condylactis gigantea, in Florida. Invertebrate Biology 134(2):116-128. Order Publication

Walsh, C.J., Butawan, M., Yordy, J., Ball, R., Flewelling, L.J., de Wit, M., Bonde, R.K. (2015). Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Aquatic Toxicology 161:73-84. Order Publication

Wolny, J., Scott, P.S., Tustison, J., and Brooks, C.R. (2015). Monitoring the 2007 Florida east coast Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) red tide and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) event. 2015. Algae 30(1):49-58.

Borkman, D.G., Smayda, T.J., Schwarz, E.N., Flewelling, L.J., and Tomas, C.R. (2014). Recurrent vernal presences of the toxic Alexamdrium tamarense/Alexandrium fundyense (Dinoflagellata) species complex in Narragansett Bay, USA. 2014. Harmful Algae 32:73-80.

Bronk, D., Killberg-Thoreson, L., Mulholland, M., Sipler, R., Roberts, Q., Bernhardt, P., Garrett, M., O’Neil, J., and Heil, C. (2014) Nitrogen uptake and regeneration (ammonium regeneration, nitrification and photoproduction) in waters of the west Florida shelf prone to blooms of Karenia brevis. 2014. Harmful Algae 38:50 - 62. DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2014.04.007

Corcoran A.A., Richardson B., Flewelling L.J. (2014). Effects of nutrient-limiting supply ratios on toxin content of Karenia brevis grown in continuous culture. Harmful Algae 39:334-341.

Fernandes, L.F.*, Hubbard, K.A.*, Richlen, M., Smith, J., Bates, S. S., Ehrmann, J., Leger, C., Mafra, L., Kulis, D., Quilliam, M., Libera, K., McCauley, L., Anderson, D.M. (2014). Diversity and toxicity of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia peragallo in the Gulf of Maine, Northwestern Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research Part II, special edition. *The first and second authors contributed equally to this project.

Garrett, M., Puchulutegui, C., Selwood, A., Wolny, J. 2014. Identification of the harmful dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum recovered from the ballast tank of a globally travelled ship in Port Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 39: 202-209.

Heil, C., Bronk, D., Dixon, L., Hitchcock, G., Kirkpatrick, G., Mulholland, M., O’Neil, J., Walsh, J., Weisberg, R., Garrett, M. (2014).The Gulf of Mexico ECOHAB:Karenia Program 2006-2012. Harmful Algae 38: 3-7.

Heil, C., Dixon, L., Hall, E., Garrett, M., Lenes, J., O’Neil, J., Walsh, B., Bronk, D., Killberg-Thorsen, L., Hitchcock, G., Meyer, K., Mulholland, M., Procise, L., Kirkpatrick, G., Walsh, J., Weisberg, R. (2014). Blooms of Karenia brevis (Davis) G. Hansen & Ø Moestrup on the West Florida Shelf: Nutrient sources and potential management stratigies based on a multi-year regional study. Harmful Algae 38: 127 - 140.

Hubbard, K.A., Olson, C.E., Armbrust, E.V. (2014). Molecular characterization of Pseudo-nitzschia community structure and species ecology in a hydrographically complex estuarine system (Puget Sound, Washington, USA). Marine Ecology Progress Series507:39-55.

Killberg-Thoreson, L., Sipler, R., Heil, C., Garrett, M., Roberts, Q., Bronk, D. (2014) Nutrients released from decaying fish support microbial growth in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Harmful Algae 38: 40 - 49. DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2014.04.006

Landsberg J.H., Lefebvre K.A., Flewelling L.J. (2014). Effects of toxic microalgae on marine organisms. In: Rossini GP, editor. Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae. Volume 2. Biological Effects and Risk Management.CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 379-449.

Mertens, K., Wolny, J., Carbonell-Moore, C., Bogus, K., Ellegaard, M., Limoges, A., de Vernal, A., Gurdebeke, P., Omura, T., Al-Muftah, A., Matsuoka, K. (2014) Taxonomic re-examination of the toxic armored dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense Plate 1906: Can morphology or LSU sequencing separate P. bahamense var. compressum from var. bahamense? (2015) Harmful Algae 41: 1-24.

Mulholland, M., Bernhardt, P., Ozman, I., Procise, L., Garrett, M., O’Neil, J., Heil, C., Bronk, D. (2014). Contribution of diazotrophy to nitrogen inputs supporting Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico. Harmful Algae 38: 20-29.

Teng, M., Smith, J. L., Richlen, M.,Steidinger, K. A., Kulis, D. M., Fux, E., Anderson, D. M. (2014). Characterization and comparison of toxin-producing isolates of Dinophysis acuminata from New England and Canada. J. Phycol. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12251.

Capper, A., Flewelling, L.J., Arthur, K. 2013. Dietary exposure to harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins in the endangered manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 28:1-9.

Castle, K.T., Flewelling, L.J., Bryan, J., Kramer, A., Lindsay, J., Nevada, C., Stablein, W., Wong, D., Landsberg, J.H. Coyote (Canis latrans) and domestic dog (C. familiaris) mortality and morbidity due to a Karenia brevis red tide in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Wildlife Diseases.

Corcoran, A., Dornback, M., Kirkpatrick, B. A. Jochens. (2013). A Primer on Gulf of Mexico Harmful Algal Blooms. 12pp.

Fauquier, D.A., Flewelling, L.J., Maucher, J., Manire, C.A., Socha, V., Kinsel, M.J., Stacy, B.A., Henry, M., Gannon, J., Ramsdell, J.S,. Landsberg, J.H. 2013a. Brevetoxin in blood, biological fluids, and tissues of sea turtles naturally exposed to Karenia brevis blooms in central west Florida. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44(2):364-375.

Fauquier, D.A., Flewelling, L.J., Maucher, J.M., Keller, M., Kinsel, M.J., Johnson, C.K., Henry, M., Gannon, J.G., Ramsdell, J.S., Landsberg, J.H. 2013b. Brevetoxicosis in seabirds naturally exposed to Karenia brevis blooms along the central west coast of Florida. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49(2):246-260.

Henrichs, D.W., Scott, P.S., Steidinger, K.A., Errera, R.M., Abraham, A. & Campbell, L. 2013. Morphology and phylogeny of Prorocentrum texanum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): a new toxic dinoflagellate from the Gulf of Mexico waters exhibiting two distinct morphologies. Journal of Phycology 49(1):143-155.

Millie, D. F., G. R. Weckman, W. A. Young, J. E. Ivey, D. P. Fries, E. Ardjmand, and G.L. Fahnenstiel. 2013. Coastal ‘Big Data’ and nature-inspired computation: Prediction potentials, uncertainties, and knowledge derivation of neural networks for an algal metric. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 125:57-67.

Reifel, K.M., A.A. Corcoran, C. Cash, R.F. Shipe and B.H. Jones. 2013. Effects of a surfacing plume on a coastal phytoplankton community. Continental Shelf Research 60: 38-50.

Sunda, W., C. Burleson, D.R. Hardison, J. Morey, Z. Wang, J. Wolny, A.A. Corcoran, L.J. Flewelling, F.M. Van Dolah. 2013. Reply to Errera and Campbell: No, low salinity shock does not increase brevetoxins in Karenia brevis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(25): E2256.

Sunda, W.G., Burleson, C., Hardison, D.R., Morey, J.S., Wang, Z., Wolny, J., Corcoran, A.A., Flewelling, L.J., Van Dolah, F.M. 2013. Osmotic stress does not trigger brevetoxin production in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(25):10223-10228.

Walters, S., Lowerre-Barbieri, S., Bickford, J., Tustison, J., and Landsberg, J.H. 2013. Effects of Karenia brevis red tide on the spatial distribution of spawning aggregations of sand seatrout Cynoscion arenarius in Tampa Bay, Florida. Marine Ecology Progress Series 479:191-202. 

Hall, E.R., Nierenberg, K., Boyes, A.J., Heil, C.A., Flewelling, L.J., Kirkpatrick, B. 2012. The art of red tide science. Harmful Algae 17(0):1-5.

Merino , F. C., Herrera-Silveira, J. A., Okolodkov, Y. B., and Steidinger, K. A. 2012. Karenia blooms in Gulf of Mexico. HAN 46:8.

Millie, D.F., G.R. Weckman, W.A. Young, J.E.Ivey, H.J. Carrick, and G.L. Fahnenstiel. 2012. Modeling microalgal abundance with artificial neural networks: Demonstration of a heuristic ‘Grey-Box’ to deconvolve and quantify environmental influences. Environmental Modeling & Software. 38:27-39.

O’Dea, Sheila N. 2012. Occurrence, Toxicity, and Diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia in Florida Coastal Waters (Master’s Thesis). University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida. 103 pp.

Soto, I., C. Hu, K. Steidinger, F. Muller-Karger, J. Cannizzaro, J. Wolny, S. Cerdeira-Estrada, E. Santamaria del Angel, F. Tafoya del Angel, P. Alvarez-Torres, J. Herrera Silveira and J. Allen. 2012. Binational collaboration to study Gulf of Mexico's harmful algae. Eos. 93: 49-50.

Twiner, M.J., L.J. Flewelling, S.E. Fire, S.R. Bowen, Stevens, J.K. Gaydos, C.K. Johnson, J.H. Landsberg, T.A. Leighfield, B. Mase-Guthrie, L. Schwacke, F.M. Van Dolah, Z. Wang and T.K. Rowles. 2012. Comparative Analysis of Three Brevetoxin-Associated Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Mortality Events in the Florida Panhandle Region (USA). PLoS ONE 7(8): e42974. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042974

van Deventer, M., Atwood, K., Vargo, G.A., Flewelling, L.J., Landsberg, J.H., Naar, J.P., Stanek, D. 2012. Karenia brevis red tides and brevetoxin-contaminated fish: a high risk factor for Florida’s scavenging shorebirds? Botanica Marina 55(1):31-37.

Flaherty, K.E., and J.H. Landsberg. 2011. Effects of a persistent red tide (Karenia brevis) bloom on community structure and species-specific relative abundance of nekton in a Gulf of Mexico estuary. Estuaries and Coasts 34(2): 417-439.

Garrett, M., J. Wolny, C. Heil, E. Truby, and C. Kovach. 2011. Harmful algal bloom species and phosphate processing effluent: Field and laboratory studies. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:596-601.

Garrett, M.J., J.L. Wolny, B.J. Williams, M. Dirks, J.A. Brame, and R.W. Richardson. 2011. Methods for sampling and analysis of marine microalgae in ship ballast tanks: A case study from Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Algae 26:181-192.

Kirkpatrick, G.J., D.F. Millie, M.A. Moline, S.E. Lohrenz, and O.M. Schofield. 2011. Automated, in-water determination of colored dissolved organic material and phytoplankton community structure using the optical phytoplankton discriminator. In Hou, W.W., and R. Arnone, eds. Proceedings: Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III, April 25-29, 2011, Orlando, FL. SPIE, Bellingham, Washington.

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Glibert, P.M., C.A. Heil, D. Hollander, M. Revilla, A. Hoare, J. Alexander, and S. Murasko. 2004. Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 280:73-83.

Havens, J., C. Heil, D. Hollander, G. Vargo, D. Ault, S. Murasko, and J. Walsh. 2004. Isotopic constraints on nutrient sources supporting the 2001 Karenia brevis bloom. Pp. 32-34 in K.A. Steidinger, J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Haverkamp, D., K.A. Steidinger, and C.A. Heil. 2004. HAB monitoring and databases: The Florida Karenia brevis example. Pp. 102-109 in Hall, S., S. Etheridge, D. Anderson, J. Kleindinst, M. Zhu, and Y. Zou, eds. Harmful algae management and mitigation. APEC Publication #204-MR-04.2. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Singapore.

Haywood, A.J., K.A. Steidinger, E.W. Truby, P.R. Bergquist, P.L. Bergquist, J. Adamson, and L. MacKenzie. 2004. Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. Journal of Phycology 40:165-179.

Heil, C.A., M. Mulholland, D.A. Bronk, P. Brenhardt, and J.M. O'Neil. 2004. Bacterial and size fractionated primary production within a large Karenia brevis bloom on the West Florida Shelf. Pp. 38-40 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Hudon, J., G.F. Grether, and D.F. Millie. 2004. Marginal differentiation between the sexual and general carotenoid pigmentation of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and a possible visual explanation. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76:776-790.

Kempton, J.W., P. Williams, J.L. Wolny, S.B. Wilde, and A.J. Lesitus. 2004. A real-time PCR assay for the detection of Kryptoperidinium foliaceum in South Carolina estuarine waters. Pp. 312-314 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Lewitus, A.J., K.C. Hayes, J.W. Kempton, L.J. Mason, S.B. Wilde, B.J. Williams, and J.L. Wolny. 2004. Prevalence of raphidophyte blooms in South Carolina brackish ponds associated with housing and golf courses. Pp. 350-352 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Mulholland, M.R., C.A. Heil, D.A. Bronk, J.M. O'Neil, and P. Bernhardt. 2004. Does nitrogen regeneration from the N₂ fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. fuel Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico? Pp. 47-49 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Naar, J., J. Kubanek, A.L. Weidner, L.J. Flewelling, A. Bourdelais, K. Steidinger, and D.G. Baden. 2004. Brevetoxin depuration in shellfish via production of non-toxic metabolites: Consequences for seafood safety and the environmental fate of brevetoxins. Pp. 488-490 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Neely, M.B., E. Bartels, J. Cannizzaro, K.L. Carder, P.G. Coble, D. English, C. Heil, C. Hu, J. Hunt, J. Ivey, G. McRae, E. Mueller, E. Peebles, and K. Steidinger. 2004. Florida's blackwater event. Pp. 377-389 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Pigg, R., D. Millie, B. Bendis, and K. Steidinger. 2004. Relating cyanobacterial abundance to environmental parameters in the lower St. Johns River estuary. Pp. 53-55 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Plakas, S.M., Z. Wang, K.R. El Said, E.L.E. Jester, H.R. Granade, L.J. Flewelling, P. Scott, and R.W. Dickey. 2004. Brevetoxin metabolism and elimination in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) after controlled exposures to Karenia brevis. Toxicon 44:677-685.

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Tomlinson, M.C., R.P. Stumpf, V. Ransibrahmanakul, E.W. Truby, G.J. Kirkpatrick, B.A. Pederson, G.A. Vargo, and C.A. Heil. 2004. Evaluation of the use of SeaWiFS imagery for detecting Karenia brevis harmful algal blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Remote Sensing of Environment 91:293-303.

Vargo, G.A., C.A. Heil, D.N. Ault, M.B. Neely, S. Murasko, J. Havens, K. Lester, L.K. Dixon, R. Merkt, J. Walsh, R. Weisberg, and K.A. Steidinger. 2004. Four Karenia brevis blooms: A comparative analysis. Pp. 14-16 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Walsh, J.J., and K.A. Steidinger. 2004. ECOHAB: Florida: A catalyst for recent multi-agency studies of the West Florida Shelf. Pp. 543-545 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Weidner, A.L., J. Naar, K. Steidinger, R. Pierce, M. Henry, L. Flewelling, and D.G. Baden. 2004. Variability of brevetoxin accumulation levels within individual shellfish during Karenia brevis blooms. Pp. 485-487 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Wolny, J.L., J.W. Kempton, and A.J. Lewitus. 2004. Taxonomic re-evaluation of a South Carolina "red tide" dinoflagellate indicates placement in the genus Krytoperidinium. Pp. 443-445 in Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, C.R. Tomas, and G.A. Vargo, eds. Harmful algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Joliff, J.K., J.J. Walsh, R. He, R. Weisberg, A. Stovall-Leonard, P.G. Coble, R. Conmy, C. Heil, B. Nababan, H. Zhang, C. Hu, and F.E. Muller-Karger. 2003. Dispersal of the Suwannee River plume over the West Florida shelf: Simulation and observation of the optical and biochemical consequences of a flushing. Geophysical Research Letters 30(13):1709.

Lewitus, A.J., L.B. Schmidt, L.J. Mason, J.W. Kempton, S.B. Wilde, J.L. Wolny, B.J. Williams, K.C. Hayes, S.N. Hymel, C.J. Keppler, and A.H. Ringwood. 2003. Harmful algal blooms in South Carolina residential and golf course ponds. Population and Environment 24:387-413.

Litaker, R.W., M.W. Vandersea, S.R. Kibler, K.S. Reece, N.A. Stokes, K.A. Steidinger, D.F. Millie, B.J. Bendis, R.J. Pigg, and P.A. Tester. 2003. Identification of Pfiesteria piscicida (Dinophyceae) and Pfiesteria-like organisms using internal transcribed spacer-specific PCR assays. Journal of Phycology 39:754-761.

Millie, D.F., G.L. Fahnenstiel, S.E. Lohrenz, H.J. Carrick, T.H. Johengen, and O.M.E. Schofield. 2003. Physical-biological coupling in southern Lake Michigan: Influence of episodic sediment resuspension on phytoplankton. Aquatic Ecology 37:393-408.

Steidinger, K.A. 2003. Meeting report. Xth International Conference on Harmful Algae, October 21-25, 2002, St. Pete Beach, Florida. Protist 154:11-16.

Glibert, P.M., J.H. Landsberg, J.J. Evans, M.A. Al-Sarawi, M. Faraj, M.A. Al-Jarallah, A. Haywood, S. Ibrahem, P. Klesius, C. Powell, and C. Shoemaker. 2002. A fish kill of massive proportions in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf, 2001: The roles of bacterial disease, harmful algae, and eutrophication. Harmful Algae 12:215-231.

Hu, C., F.E. Muller-Karger, Z. Lee, K.L. Carder, B.S. Roberts, J.J. Walsh, C. Heil, P.G. Coble, K. Steidinger, G. McRae, R.H. Weisberg, R. He, E. Johns, T. Lee, B. Keller, N. Kuring, J. Cannizzaro, J. Ivey, G.A. Vargo, R.G. Zepp, J. Boyer, R. Jones, G. Kirkpatrick, R.P. Stumpf, E. Mueller, E. Bartels, R. Pierce, J. Culter, and J. Hunt. 2002. Satellite images track "black water" event off Florida coast. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 83:281-285.

Kempton, J., J. Wolny, T. Tengs, P. Rizzo, R. Morris, J. Tunnell, P. Scott, K. Steidinger, S. Shymel, and A. Lewitus. 2002. Kryptoperidinium foliaceum blooms in South Carolina: A multi-analytical approach to identification. Harmful Algae 1:383-392.

Loret, P., T. Tengs, T. Villareal, H. Singler, B. Richardson, P. McGuire, S. Morton, M. Busman, and L. Campbell. 2002. No difference found in ribosomal DNA sequences from physiologically diverse clones of Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Plankton Research 24:735-739.

Millie, D.F., G.L. Fahnenstiel, H.J. Carrick, S.E. Lohrenz, and O.M.E. Schofield. 2002. Phytoplankton pigments in coastal Lake Michigan: Distributions during the spring isothermal period and relation with episodic sediment resuspension. Journal of Phycology 38:639-648.

Millie, D.F., O.M.E. Schofield, G.J. Kirkpatrick, G. Johnsen, and T.J. Evens. 2002. Using absorbance and fluorescence spectra to discriminate microalgae. European Journal of Phycology 37:313-322.

Naar, J., A. Bourdelais, C. Tomas, J. Kubanek, P.L. Whitney, L.J. Flewelling, K.A. Steidinger, J. Lancaster, and D.G. Baden. 2002. A competitive ELISA to detect brevetoxins from Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) in seawater, shellfish, and mammalian body fluid. Environmental Health Perspectives 110:179-185.

Paul, J.H., L. Houchin, D. Griffin, T. Slifko, M. Guo, B. Richardson, and K. Steidinger. 2002. Classification and identification of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like species. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 27:21-27.

Paul, J.H., L. Houchin, D. Griffin, T. Slifko, M. Guo, B. Richardson, and K. Steidinger. 2002. A filterable lytic agent obtained from a red tide bloom that causes lysis of Karenia brevis (Gymnodinium breve) cultures. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 27:21-27.

Steidinger, K.A. (2002). Red tides and other harmful algal blooms, pp. 2685-2693.InG. Bitton (Ed.).The Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology. J. Wiley and Sons.

Evens, T.J., G.J. Kirkpatrick, D.F. Millie, D.J. Chapman, and O.M.E. Schofield. 2001. Photophysiological responses of the toxic red-tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve (Dinophyceae) under natural sunlight. Journal of Plankton Research 23:1177-1193.

Grether, G.F., D.F. Millie, M.J. Bryant, D.N. Reznick, and W. Mayea. 2001. Rain forest canopy cover, resource availability, and life history evolution in guppies. Ecology 82:1546-4559.

Heil, C.A., G.A. Vargo, D.N. Spence, M.B. Neely, R. Merkt, K.M. Lester, and J.J. Walsh. 2001. Nutrient stoichiometry of a Gymnodinium breve bloom: What limits blooms in oligotrophic environments? Pp. 165-168 in Hallegraeff, G.M., S.I. Blackburn, C.J. Bolch, and R.J. Lewis, eds. Harmful algal blooms 2000. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, February 7-11, 2000, Hobart, Australia. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris.

Lester, K.M., R. Merkt, C.A. Heil, G.A. Vargo, M.B. Neely, D.N. Spence, L. Melahn, and J.J. Walsh. 2001. Evolution of a Gymnodinium breve (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) red tide bloom on the West Florida Shelf. Relationship with organic nitrogen and phosphorus. Pp. 161-164 in Hallegraeff, G.M., S.I. Blackburn, C.J. Bolch, and R.J. Lewis, eds. Harmful algal blooms 2000. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, February 7-11, 2000, Hobart, Australia. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris.

Robledo, J.A.F., K. Saito, D.W. Coats, K. Steidinger, and G.R. Vasta. 2001. The non-transcribed spacer of the rRNA locus as a target for specific detection of the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida and parasites (Perkinsus spp.). Pp. 238-241 in Hallegraeff, G.M., S.I. Blackburn, C.J. Bolch, and R.J. Lewis, eds. Harmful algal blooms 2000. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, February 7-11, 2000, Hobart, Australia. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris.

Steidinger, K., J. Landsberg, R.W. Richardson, E. Truby, B. Blakesley, P. Scott, P. Tester, T. Tengs, P. Mason, S. Morton, D. Seaborn, W. Litaker, K. Reece, D. Oldach, L. Haas, and G. Vasta. 2001. Classification and identification of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like species. Environmental Health Perspectives 109:661-665.

Vargo, G.A., C.A. Heil, D.N. Spence, M.B. Neely, R. Merkt, K. Lester, R.H. Weisberg, J.J. Walsh, and K. Fanning. 2001. The hydrographic regime, nutrient requirements, and transport of a Gymnodinium breve Davis red tide on the West Florida Shelf. Pp. 157-160 in G.M. Hallegraeff, S.I. Blackburn, C.J. Bolch, and R.J. Lewis, eds. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, February 7-11, 2000, Hobart, Australia. International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris.

Walsh, J.J., and K.A. Steidinger. 2001. Saharan dust and Florida red tides: The cyanophyte connection. Journal of Geophysical Research 106:11,597-11,612.

Culver, M.E., M.P. Soracco, R.P. Stumpf, P.S. Change, and K. Steidinger. 2000. Integrating wind data to determine the influence on movement of a harmful algal bloom event along the northwest coast of Florida. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, May 1-3, 2000, Charleston, South Carolina. Veridian ERIM Intl., Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Lewitus, A.J., E.T. Koepfler, and R.J. Pigg. 2000. Use of dissolved organic nitrogen by a salt marsh phytoplankton bloom community. Archives of Hydrobiology Special Issues, Advances in Limnology 55:114-456.

Oldach, D.W., C.F. Delwiche, K.S. Jakobsen, T. Torstein, E.G. Brown, J.W. Kempton, E.F. Schaefer, H.A. Bowers, H.B. Glasgow Jr., J.M. Burkholder, K.A. Steidinger, and P.A. Rublee. 2000. Heteroduplex mobility assay-guided sequence discovery: Elucidation of the small subunit (18S) rDNA sequences of Pfiesteria piscicida and related dinoflagellates from complex algal culture and environmental sample DNA pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:4303-4308.

Kumpf, H., K. Steidinger, and K. Sherman, eds. 1999. The Gulf of Mexico large marine ecosystem: Assessment, sustainability, and management. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts. xxvi + 704 p.

Kusek, K.M., G.A. Vargo, and K. Steidinger. 1999. Gymnodinium breve in the field, in the lab, and in the newspaper: A scientific and journalistic analysis of Florida red tides. Contributions in Marine Science 34:1-229

Landsberg, J.H., G.H. Balazs, K.A. Steidinger, D.G. Baden, T.M. Work, and D.J. Russell.1999. The potential role of natural tumor promoters in marine turtle fibropapillomatosis. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 11:199-210.

Marshall, H.G., D.W. Seaborn, and J. Wolny. 1999. Monitoring results for Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria-like organisms from Virginia waters in 1998. Virginia Journal of Science 50:287-298.

Steidinger, K.A., Penta H.M. (Eds.). 1999. Harmful Microalgae and Associated Public Health Risks in the Gulf of Mexico.EPA Gulf of Mexico Program Office.

Villareal, T.A., Joseph, L., Brzezinski, M.A., Shipe, R.F., Lipschultz, F., Altabet, M.A. 1999. Biological and chemical characteristics of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus(Bacillariophyceae) in the central North Pacific gyre. Journal of Phycology 35:896-902.

Faust, M.A., and K.A. Steidinger.1998. Bysmatrum gen. nov. (Dinophyceae) and three new combinations for benthic scrippsielloid species. Phycologia 37:47-52.

Joseph, L. and Villareal, T.A. 1998. Nitrate reductase activity as a measure of nitrogen incorporation inRhizosolenia formosa(H. Peragallo): internal nitrate and diel effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 229:159-176.

Kleppel, G.S., C.A. Burkart, L. Houchin, and C. Tomas. 1998. Egg production of the copepod Acartia tonsa in Florida Bay during summer. 1. The roles of food environment and diet. Estuaries 21:328-339.

Landsberg, J.H., and K.A. Steidinger. 1998. A historical review of Gymnodinium breve red tides implicated in mass mortalities of the manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Florida, USA. Pp. 97-100 in Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez, and T. Wyatt, eds. Harmful algae. Xunta del Galicia and UNESCO.

Steidinger, K.A., P. Carlson, D. Baden, C. Rodriguez, and J. Seagle. 1998. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning due to toxin retention in the clam Chione cancellata. Pp. 457-458 in Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez, and T. Wyatt, eds. Harmful algae. Xunta del Galicia and UNESCO.

Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, E.W. Truby, and B.S. Roberts. 1998. First report of Gymnodinium pulchellum (Dinophyceae) in North America and associated fish kills in the Indian River, Florida. Journal of Phycology 34:431-437.

Steidinger, K.A., D.A. Stockwell, E.W. Truby, W.J. Wardle, Q. Dortch, and F.M. Van Dolah. 1998. Phytoplankton blooms off Louisiana and Texas, May-June 1994. Pp. 13-17 in Zimmerman, R., ed., NOAA Technical Report NMFS 143: Characteristics and causes of Texas marine strandings. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington.

Steidinger, K.A., G.A. Vargo, P.A. Tester, and C.R. Tomas. 1998. Bloom dynamics and physiology of Gymnodinium breve with emphasis on the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 133-153 in Anderson, D.M., A.D. Cembella, and G.M. Hallegraeff, eds. Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms. NATO ASI Series G, Vol. 41. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

Stumpf, R.P., V. Ransibrahmanakul, K.A. Steidinger, and P.A. Tester. 1998. Observations of sea surface temperature and winds associated with Florida, USA, red tides (Gymnodinium breve blooms). Pp. 145-148 in Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez, and T. Wyatt, eds. Harmful algae. Xunta del Galicia and UNESCO.

Tester, P.A., R.P. Stumpf, and K.A. Steidinger. 1998. Ocean color imagery: What is the minimum detection for Gymnodinium breve blooms? Pp. 149-150 in Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez, and T. Wyatt, eds. Harmful algae. Xunta del Galicia and UNESCO.

Joseph, L., Villareal, T.A., Lipschultz, F. 1997. A high sensitivity nitrate reductase assay and its application to vertically migratingRhizosoleniamats. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 12:95-104.

Steidinger, K.A., and K. Tangen. 1997. Dinoflagellates. Pp. 327-589 in Tomas, C.R., ed. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

Tester, P.A., and K.A. Steidinger.1997. Gymnodinium breve red tide blooms: Initiation, transport, and consequences of surface circulation. Limnology and Oceanography 42:1039-1051.

Tomas, C.R., ed. 1997. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press, San Diego, California. 858 p.

Rhodes, L., L. Mackenzie, A. Haywood, and K. Todd. 1996. New Zealand update on HABs, 1992-1996. Harmful Algae News 15:10.

Steidinger, K.A., J.M. Burkholder, H.B. Glasgow Jr., C.W. Hobbs, J.K. Garrett, E.W. Truby, E.J. Noga, and S.A. Smith.1996. Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. (Pfiesteriaceae fam. nov.), a new toxic dinoflagellate with a complex life cycle and behavior. Journal of Phycology 32:157-164.

Steidinger, K.A., and C.R. Tomas. 1996. Dinoflagellates. Pp. 387-584 in Tomas, C.R., ed. Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. Elsevier, New York. 598 p.

Tomas, C.R., ed. 1996. Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. Elsevier, New York. 598 p.

Baden, D.G., R. Melinek, V. Sechet, V.L. Trainer, D.R. Schultz, K.S. Rein, C.R. Tomas, J. Delgado, and L. Hale. 1995. Modified immunoassays for polyether toxins: Implications of biological matrixes, metabolic states, and epitope recognition. Journal of AOAC International 78:499-508.

Burkholder, J.M., H.B. Glasgow Jr., and K.A. Steidinger. 1995. Stage transformations in the complex life cycle of an ichthyotoxic "ambush-predator" dinoflagellate. Pp. 567-572 in Lassus, P., G. Arzul, E. Erard-Le Denn, P. Gentien, and C. Marcaillou-Le Baut, eds. Harmful marine algal blooms. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris.

Faust, M.A., and K.A. Steidinger. 1995. Ecology of benthic dinoflagellates. Pp. 855-857 in Lassus, P., G. Arzul, E. Erard-Le Denn, P. Gentien, and C. Marcaillou-Le Baut, eds. Harmful marine algal blooms. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris.

Landsberg, J.H. 1995. Tropical reef-fish disease outbreaks and mass mortalities in Florida, USA: What is the role of dietary biological toxins? Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 22:83-100.

Landsberg, J.H., K.A. Steidinger, and B.A. Blakesley. 1995. Fish-killing dinoflagellates in a tropical marine aquarium. Pp. 65-70 in Lassus, P., G. Arzul, E. Erard-Le Denn, P. Gentien, and C. Marcaillou-Le Baut, eds. Harmful marine algal blooms. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris.

Mackenzie, L., L. Rhodes, D. Till , F. Hoe Chang, H. Kaspar, A. Haywood, J. Kapa, and B. Walker. 1995. A Gymnodinium sp. bloom and the contamination of shellfish with lipid soluble toxins in New Zealand, Jan-April 1993. Pp. 795-800 in Lassus, P., G. Arzul, E. Erard-Le Denn, P. Gentien, and C. Marcaillou-Le Baut, eds. Harmful marine algal blooms. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris.

Rhodes, L.L., A.J. Haywood, and D.W. Fountain. 1995. FITC-conjugated lectins as a tool for differentiating between toxic and nontoxic marine dinoflagellates. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29:359-365.

Steidinger, K.A., B.S. Roberts, and P.A. Tester. 1995. Florida red tides. Harmful Algal News 12-13:1-3.

Steidinger, K.A., C.R. Tomas, P. Zimba, W. Sargent, E. Truby, R. Bray, B. Bendis, W. Richardson, and R. Zondervan. 1995. Microalgal blooms in Florida Bay. Pp. 189-190 in Edge, B.L., ed. Coastal zone '95: Extended abstracts for the 9th conference. Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, July 16-21, 1995, Tampa, Florida. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., E.W. Truby, J.K. Garrett, and J.M. Burkholder. 1995. The morphology and cytology of a newly discovered toxic dinoflagellate. Pp. 83-88 in Lassus, P., G. Arzul, E. Erard-Le Denn, P. Gentien, and C. Marcaillou-Le Baut, eds. Harmful marine algal blooms: Lavoisier Publishing, Paris.

Klarer, D.M., and D.F. Millie. 1994. Regulation of phytoplankton dynamics in a Laurentian Great Lakes estuary. Hydrobiologia 286:97-108.

Landsberg, J.H., K.A. Steidinger, B.A. Blakesley, and R. Zondervan. 1994. Scanning electron microscopy study of dinospores of Amyloodinium cf. ocellatum, a pathogenic dinoflagellate parasite of marine fish, and comments on its relationship to the Peridiniales. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 20:23-32.

Bafford, R.A., R.W. Seagull, S.Y. Chung, and D.F. Millie. 1993. Intracellular localization of the taste/odor metabolite, 2-methylisoborneol, in Oscillatoria limosa (Cyanophyta). Journal of Phycology 29:91-95.

Heimdal, B.R., and C.R. Tomas. 1993. Modern coccolithophorids. Pp. 7-145 in Tomas, C., J. Throndsen, and B.R. Heimdal, eds. Marine phytoplankton: A guide to naked flagellates and coccolithophorids. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

Landsberg, J.H. 1993. Kidney myxosporean parasites in red drum Sciaenops-ocellatus (Sciaenidae) from Florida, USA, with a description of Parvicapsula-renalis n. sp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 17:9-16.

Landsberg, J.H. 1993. Two new species of coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa, Eimeriorina) from red drum Sciaenops-ocellatus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 16:83-90.

Steidinger, K.A. 1993. Some taxonomic and biologic aspects of toxic dinoflagellates. Pp. 1-28 in Falconer, I.R., ed. Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. Academic Press Inc., New York.

Thorndsen, J., and C.R. Tomas. 1993. The planktonic marine flagellates. Pp. 7-145 in Tomas, C.R., J. Throndsen, and B.R. Heimdal, eds. Marine phytoplankton: A guide to naked flagellates and coccolithophorids. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

Tomas, C.R., and D.G. Baden. 1993. The influence of phosphorus source on the growth and cellular toxin content of the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Pp. 565-570 in Smayda, T.J., and Y. Shimizu, eds. Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Tomas, C.R., J. Throndsen, and B.R. Heimdal, eds. 1993. Marine phytoplankton: A guide to naked flagellates and coccolithophorids. Academic Press, San Diego, California. xiii + 263 p.

Dodge, J.D., and K.A. Steidinger. 1982. Dinophyceae: Introduction and bibliography. Pp. 691-697 in Rosowski, J.R., and B.C. Parker, eds. Selected papers in Phycology II. Phycological Society of America, Lawrence, Kansas.

Fraga, S., D.M. Anderson, I. Bravo, B. Reguera, K.A. Steidinger, and C.M. Yentsch. 1988. Influence of upwelling relaxation on dinoflagellates and shellfish toxicity in Ria de Vigo, Spain. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 27:349-361.

Johansson, J.O.R., K.A. Steidinger, and D.C. Carpenter. 1985. Primary production in Tampa Bay, Florida: A review. Pp. 279-298 in Treat, S.A.F., J.L. Simon, R.R. Lewis III, and R.L. Whitman Jr., eds. Proceedings, Tampa Bay Area Scientific Information Symposium, May 3-6, 1982, Tampa, Florida. Bellwether Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Jones, A.C., S.A. Berkeley, J.A. Bohnsack, S.A. Bortone, D.K. Camp, G.H. Darcy, J.C. Davis, K.D. Haddad, M.Y. Hedgepeth, E.W. Irby Jr., W.C. Jaap, F.S. Kennedy Jr., W.G. Lyons, E.L. Nakamura, T.H. Perkins, J.K. Reed, K.A. Steidinger, J.T. Tilmant, and R.O. Williams. 1985. Ocean habitat and fishery resources of Florida. Pp. 437-543 in Seaman, W. Jr., ed. Florida Aquatic Habitat and Fishery Resources. Florida Chapter, American Fisheries Society.

Klarer, D.M., and D.F. Millie. 1989. Amelioration of storm-water quality by a freshwater estuary. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 116:375-389.

Loper, C., L.M. Walker, and K.A. Steidinger. 1980. A simple chromosome spread technique for unarmored dinoflagellates. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 99(3):343-346.

Murphy, E.B., K.A. Steidinger, B.S. Roberts, J. Williams, and J.W. Jolley. 1975. An explanation for the Florida east coast Gymnodinium breve red tide of November 1975. Limnology and Oceanography 19(3):481-486.

Steidinger, K.A. 1975. Basic factors influencing red tides. Pp.153-162 in LoCicero, V.R., ed. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, November 1974, Boston. Massachusetts Science Foundation, Wakefield, Massachusetts.

Steidinger, K.A. 1975. Implications of dinoflagellate life cycles on initiation of Gymnodinium breve red tides. Environmental Letters 9(2):129-139.

Steidinger, K.A. 1979. Collection, enumeration and identification of free-living marine dinoflagellates. Pp. 435-442 in Taylor, D.L., and H.H. Seliger, eds. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms. Elsevier North Holland, New York.

Steidinger, K.A. 1983. A re-evaluation of toxic dinoflagellate biology and ecology. Pp. 147-188 in Round, F.E., and D. Chapman, eds. Progress in phycological research, Vol. 2. Elsevier North Holland, New York.

Steidinger, K.A. 1990. Species of the tamarensis/catenella group of Gonyaulax and the fucoxanthin derivative-containing gymnodinioids. Pp. 11-16 in Graneli, E., B. Sundstrom, L. Edler, and D.M. Anderson, eds. Toxic marine phytoplankton. Elsevier, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., C. Babcock, B. Mahmoudi, C. Tomas, and E. Truby. 1989. Conservative taxonomic characters in toxic dinoflagellate species identification. Pp. 285-288 in Okaichi, T., D.M. Anderson, and T. Nemoto, eds. Red tides, biology, environmental science, and toxicology. Elsevier, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., and D.G. Baden. 1984. Toxic marine dinoflagellates. Pp. 201-249 in Spector, D.L., ed. Dinoflagellates. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.

Steidinger, K.A., and E. Balech. 1977. Scrippsiella subsala (Ostenfeld) comb. novo (Dinophyceae) with a discussion of Scrippsiella. Phycologia 16(1):69-74.

Steidinger, K.A., C. Chase, J. Garrett, B. Mahmoudi, B. Roberts, C. Tomas, and E. Truby. 1990. The use of optical pattern recognition in dinoflagellate taxonomy. Pp. 88-89 in Graneli, E., B. Sundstrom, L. Edler, and D.M. Anderson, eds. Toxic marine phytoplankton. Elsevier, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., and E.R. Cox. 1980. Free-living dinoflagellates. Pp. 407-432 in Cox, E.R., ed. Phytoflagellates: Form and function. Elsevier North Holland, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., and W.E. Gardiner. 1985. Phytoplankton of Tampa Bay: A review. Pp. 147-183 in Treat, S.A.F., J.L. Simon, R.R. Lewis III, and R.L. Whitman Jr., eds. Proceedings, 1st Tampa Bay Area Scientific Information Symposium, May 3-6, 1982, Tampa, Florida. Bellwether Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Steidinger, K.A., and K.D. Haddad. 1981. Biologic and hydrographic aspects of red tides. BioScience 31(11):814-819.

Steidinger, K.A., and O. Moestrup. 1990. The taxonomy of Gonyaulax, Pyrodinium, Alexandrium, Gessnerium, Protogonyaulax, and Goniodoma. Pp. 522-523 in Graneli, E., B. Sundstrom, L. Edler, and D.M. Anderson, eds. Toxic marine phytoplankton. Elsevier, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., and K. Tangen. 1985. Taxonomy and systematics. Pp. 534-537 in Anderson, D.M., A.W. White, and D.G. Baden, eds. Toxic dinoflagellates. Elsevier, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., L.S. Tester, and F.J.R. Taylor. 1980. A redescription of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa (Bohm) stat. novo from Pacific red tides. Phycologia 19(4):329-337.

Steidinger, K.A., E.W. Truby, and C.J. Dawes. 1978. Ultrastructure of the red tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve. I. General description. Journal of Phycology 14(1):72-79.

Steidinger, K.A., and G. Vargo. 1988. Marine dinoflagellate blooms: Dynamics and impacts. Pp. 373-401 in Lembi, C.A., and J.R. Waaland, eds. Algae and human affairs. Cambridge University Press, New York.

Steidinger, K.A., and L.M. Walker, eds. 1984. Marine plankton life cycle strategies. CRC Publishing Co., Boca Raton, Florida.

Tester, L.A., and K.A. Steidinger. 1979. Nearshore marine ecology at Hutchinson Island, Florida: 1971-1974. VII. Phytoplankton, 1971-1973. Florida Marine Research Publications 34:16-61.

Vargo, G.A., K.L. Carder, W. Gregg, E. Shanley, C. Heil, K.A. Steidinger, and K.D. Haddad. 1987. The potential contribution of primary production by red tides of the west Florida shelf ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography 32(3):762-767.

Walker, L.M., and K.A. Steidinger. 1979. Nearshore marine ecology at Hutchinson Island, Florida: 1971-1974. VI. Plankton dynamics, 1971-1973. Florida Marine Research Publications 34:1-15.

Walker, L.M., and K.A. Steidinger. 1979. Sexual reproduction in the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax monilata. Journal of Phycology 15(3):312-315.