Avian Influenza
Latest News
November 2024: FWC received a report of an avian mortality event in Leon County. Samples collected by FWC from the site (wood duck, green-winged teal, and ring-necked duck) tested positive for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b. Per protocol, FDACS sent the samples to the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories for further confirmation and testing.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Florida by County – updated 11/25/2024
Current distribution by county of HPAI cases in wild birds in Florida January 2022 to present.
Since January 2022, HPAI H5 has been confirmed in 35 counties in Florida: Jackson, Leon, Madison, Duval, Clay, St. Johns, Putnam, Alachua, Flagler, Volusia, Seminole, Brevard, Orange, Osceola, Indian River, Martin, Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, Collier, Highlands, Charlotte, Manatee, Polk, Hillsborough, Pinellas, Lake, Sumter, Citrus, Marion, Dixie, Columbia, Suwannee, Wakulla, and Okaloosa. Two counties, St. Lucie and Hardee, have cases that are suspected HPAI clinical cases but not tested.
Species with clinical disease with presumptive or confirmed HPAI H5 infection in Florida since February 2022:
- Waterfowl - Lesser Scaup, Hooded Merganser, Mallard, Muscovy Duck (feral species), Canada Goose, Egyptian Goose (feral species), Wood Duck, Green-winged Teal, Ring-necked Duck
- Waterbirds - Royal Tern, Brown Pelican, White Pelican, Great Blue Heron, Laughing Gull, Ring-billed Gull, Herring Gull, Common Loon, Wood Stork, Yellow-crowned Night-Heron, Black-crowned Night-Heron, Green Heron, White Ibis, Ruddy Turnstone, Great Egret, Black Skimmer, Sandhill Crane
- Raptors - Bald Eagle, Great Horned Owl, Red-shouldered Hawk, Black Vulture, Turkey Vulture, Crested Caracara, Eastern Screech-Owl, Peregrine Falcon
- Other - Boat-tailed Grackle, Fish Crow, Indian Peafowl (feral species)
View past updates for this event.
Press Release: FWC continues to monitor avian influenza across Florida (2/28/23)
- Press Release: Avian influenza confirmed in wild birds in Florida (2/22/22)
- Sept 2022: FWC continues to test suspect cases for HPAI and is finding ongoing Black Vulture mortalities from HPAI throughout peninsular Florida. These are in roosts where black vultures are seen scavenging on other infected black vulture carcasses. Few other species are being observed with disease due to the virus at this moment, but we suspect an increase again during fall migration.
- Sept 2022: A bottlenose dolphin discovered by UF died after displaying neurological signs and tested positive for HPAI. FWC has also tested manatee carcasses from Indian River lagoon, and all have been negative. View press release.
- April 2022: A U.S. case of human avian influenza A(H5) virus (H5 bird flu) has been reported in Colorado.
- April 2022: Black vultures are currently the species most commonly diagnosed with HPAI in Florida. HPAI has also been documented in Muscovy ducks in multiple locations in Florida.
- February 2022: HPAI H5N1 has been confirmed in Palm Beach, Brevard, and Volusia counties. Species clinically affected so far include lesser scaup, royal tern, black vulture, and bald eagle. Tests are pending for pelicans, herring gulls, crows, and screech owls. There are also northern gannet deaths reported but these may be natural mortalities during migration.
- January 2022: Samples collected by USDA-Wildlife Services from hunter-harvested blue-winged teal in Palm Beach County have tested positive for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) strain: H5N1 2.3.4.4b Eurasian.
- This follows similar reports of the H5N1 Eurasian strain from South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) this past fall and winter (2021-2022).
- This strain has been documented in Europe since early 2021.
- FWC is monitoring for HPAI in birds found sick or dead of unknown causes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Answers to some frequently asked questions about Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI).
View FAQs
Ways to help prevent HPAI spread
- Report bird mortalities so die-offs can be investigated and tested.
- Prevent contact of domestic or captive birds with wild birds (especially waterfowl).
- Do not handle sick or dead wildlife unless necessary.
- Most wildlife rehabilitation facilities in affected areas are not taking sick waterfowl, waterbirds, raptors, or scavengers (vultures, gulls, crows).
- Follow routine precautions listed below when handling wild birds.
- Prevention and Antiviral Treatment of Avian Influenza A Viruses in People
Recommended Precautions
We ask the public not to handle sick or dead birds unless necessary, however, we strongly encourage the reporting of all dead birds to the bird mortality database. In some cases, wild birds involved in die-offs will be collected, examined, and tested for Avian Influenza, West Nile Virus, Exotic Newcastle's Disease, and/or other infectious agents of concern.
The HPAI virus is not easily transmissible from birds to people, but health officials are concerned it could develop into another form that spreads readily from person to person, triggering a global disease outbreak known as a pandemic. While it is extremely unlikely that hunters or people feeding birds could contract the HPAI virus from wild birds in Florida, the following common-sense precautions are always recommended to reduce the risk of contracting any disease from wildlife.
- Wear rubber gloves while cleaning game.
- Do not eat, drink or smoke while cleaning game.
- Wash hands with soap and water or alcohol wipes immediately after handling game.
- Wash tools and work surfaces used to clean game birds with soap and water, then disinfect with a 10% bleach solution.
- Separate raw meat, and anything it touches, from cooked or ready-to-eat foods to avoid contamination.
- Cook game birds and poultry thoroughly. Meat should reach an internal temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit to kill disease organisms and parasites.
- Do not handle or consume birds that are found sick or dead of unknown causes.
- USDA recommendations
- Do not harvest or handle wild birds that are obviously sick or found dead unless necessary.
- Bird feeders and bird baths should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. With avian influenza present in wild birds in Florida, avoid placing bird baths and feeders in proximity to domestic poultry.
- Wear rubber gloves while cleaning bird feeders.
- Wash hands with soap and water or alcohol wipes immediately after cleaning bird feeders.
- Prevent contact of domestic or captive birds with wild birds (especially waterfowl).
For detailed guidelines concerning the handling of wild birds by wildlife rehabilitators, please review the FWC's Recommendations to reduce the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza transmission in wildlife rehabilitation centers.
About Avian Influenza
Wild birds can carry a number of strains of the avian influenza viruses, most of which do not cause disease. However, transmission of low pathogenic strains (causes minimal signs of disease in domestic poultry) to poultry can result in changes in the virus and the formation of more highly pathogenic strains (can cause significant disease in domestic poultry).
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is investigating mortality events involving wild bird populations by monitoring and investigating reports of wild bird die-offs. FWC is working in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, University of Florida, National Wildlife Health Center, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Florida Department of Health, and wildlife rehabilitators on this initiative.