Nonnative Birds

Estimated trend in populations

6 species are expanding
4 species are stable
3 species are declining
142 species have unknown population levels
40 species have no current population

Breeding status

48 species have been breeding at least 10 years (but not necessarily consecutive years)
10 are less than 10 years
136 species are not reported breeding in the wild in Florida

Established status

11 Established: Populations are confirmed breeding and apparently self-sustaining for 10 or more consecutive years
4 Species are present and breeding but for less than 10 years
83 Species are present but not confirmed to be breeding Population persists only with repeated introductions and/or escapes of individuals
62 Species have populations whose status is unknown
35 Species were formerly present in Florida, but are no longer present

Distribution range

8 species occur statewide
3 species occur in 51-66 counties
3 species occur in 21-50 counties
8 species occur in 11-20 counties
21 species occur in 06-10 counties
75 species occur in 02-05 counties
73 species occur in 01 counties

Click on a species Common Name to get details for that species.

Common Name	Scientific name	First year	Breeding status	Established
Tinamous
Spotted Nothura	Nothura maculosa	1966	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Herons, egrets, ibis, spoonbills, and vultures
Abdim's Stork	Ciconia abdimii	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Wooly-necked Stork	Ciconia episcopus	1992	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White Stork	Ciconia ciconia	1993	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Black-necked Stork	Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus	1974	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Scarlet Ibis	Eudocimus ruber	80s	At least 10 years	Potentially Established
Griffon-type Old World Vulture	Gyps sp.	1977	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
White Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia	1992	Not reported breeding	Unknown
King Vulture	Sarcoramphus papa	1957	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Sacred ibis	Threskironis aethiopicus	2000	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Flamingos
Chilean Flamingo	Phoenicopterus chilensis	1984	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Greater Flamingo	Phoenicopterus ruber	1930s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Waterfowl
Mandarin Duck	Aix galericulata	1960s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Egyptian Goose	Alopochen aegyptiaca	1960s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Spot-billed Duck	Anas poecilorhyncha	1980s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
White-cheeked Pintail	Anas bahamensis	19	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Hottentot Teal	Anas punctata	1989	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Philippine Duck	Anas luzonica	2000	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Bar-headed Goose	Anser indicus	1995	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Bean Goose	Anser fabalis	1980s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Greylag Goose	Anser anser	1980s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Swan Goose	Anser cygnoides	1986	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Muscovy Duck	Cairina moschata	1967	At least 10 years	Established
Ringed Teal	Callonetta leucophrys	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Coscoroba Swan	Coscoroba coscoroba	1993	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Mute Swan	Cygnus olor	1967	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Whooper Swan	Cygnus cygnus	1991	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Black Swan	Cygnus atratus	1961	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
West Indian Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna arborea	1969	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-faced Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna viduata	1991	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Orinoco Goose	Neochen jubatus	1989	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Rosy-billed Pochard	Netta peposaca	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea	1970s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Common Shelduck	Tadorna tadorna	1994	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Osprey, kites, eagles, accipiters, hawks, and falcons
Great Black-Hawk	Buteogallus urubitinga	1970s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Common Black-Hawk	Buteogallus anthracinus	1972	Not reported breeding
Hook-billed Kite	Chondrohierax uncinatus	1991	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Eurasian Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	1995	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Crane Hawk	Geranospiza caerulescens	1972	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Harris' Hawk	Parabuteo unicinctus	1950s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Grouse, pheasants, and other game birds
Chukar	Alectoris chukar	1930s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ruffed Grouse	Bonasa umbellus	1972	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Scaled Quail	Callipepla squamata	pre-1928	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Golden Pheasant	Chrysolophus pictus	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red Junglefowl	Gallus gallus	1966	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Helmeted Guineafowl	Numida meleagris	1940s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Common Peafowl	Pavo cristatus	1950s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Ring-necked Pheasant	Phasianus colchicus	1950s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Cranes, rails, and gallinules
Gray-necked Wood-Rail	Aramides cajanea	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Gray Crowned Crane	Balearica regulorum	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Black Crowned Crane	Balearica pavonia	1999	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Sarus Crane	Grus antigone	1989	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Purple Swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio	1996	Less than 10 years	Potentially Established
Shorebirds, gulls, and terns
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis	1950s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Doves and pigeons
Rock Dove	Columba livia	1966	At least 10 years	Established
Inca Dove	Columbina inca	1963	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Diamond Dove	Geopelia cuneata	1986	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Eurasian Collared-Dove	Streptopelia decaocto	1987	Less than 10 years	Established
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis	1975	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ringed Turtle-Dove	Streptopelia risoria	1930s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
White-winged Dove	Zenaida asiatica	1959	At least 10 years	Established
Parrots
Masked Lovebird	Agapornis personata	1986	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Peach-faced Lovebird	Agapornis roseicollis	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Fischer's Lovebird	Agapornis fischeri	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Yellow-crowned Parrot	Amazona ochrocephala	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Orange-winged Parrot	Amazona amazonica	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Red-crowned Parrot	Amazona viridigenalis	1970s	At least 10 years	Unknown
White-fronted Parrot	Amazona albifrons	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Yellow-shouldered Parrot	Amazona barbadensis	1980s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Lilac-crowned Parrot	Amazona finschi	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Festive Parrot	Amazona festiva	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Red-spectacled Parrot	Amazona pretrei	1988	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red-lored Parrot	Amazona autumnalis	1980	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Mealy Parrot	Amazona farinosa	1983	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Turquoise-fronted Parrot	Amazona aestiva	1979	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Yellow-headed Parrot	Amazona oratrix	1970	At least 10 years	Unknown
Yellow-naped Parrot	Amazona auropalliata	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Hispaniolan Parrot	Amazona ventralis	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Hyacinth Macaw	Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus	1985	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Blue-and-yellow Macaw	Ara ararauna	1985	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Scarlet Macaw	Ara macao	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Military Macaw	Ara militaris	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red-shouldered Macaw	Ara nobilis	1986	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Chestnut-fronted Macaw	Ara severa	1981	Less than 10 years	Potentially Established
Yellow-collared Macaw	Ara auricollis	1981	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Orange-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga canicularis	1972	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Green Parakeet	Aratinga holochlora	1920	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Blue-crowned Parakeet	Aratinga acuticaudata	1980s	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Scarlet-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga wagleri	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Mitred Parakeet	Aratinga mitrata	1985	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Crimson-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga finschi	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Red-masked Parakeet	Aratinga erthogenys	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
White-eyed Parakeet	Aratinga leucopthalmus	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Hispaniolan Parakeet	Aratinga chloroptera	1975	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Peach-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga aurea	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Brown-throated Parakeet	Aratinga pertinax	1970	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Dusky-headed Parakeet	Aratinga weddellii	1984	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Orange-chinned Parakeet	Brotogeris jugularis	1960s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-winged Parakeet	Brotogeris versicolurus	1968	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet	Brotogeris chiriri	1977	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Tui Parakeet	Brotogeris sanctithomae	1970s		Unknown
Greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoo	Cacatua galerita	1950s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Salmon-crested Cockatoo	Cacatua moluccensis	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Tanimbar Cockatoo	Cacutua goffini	1986	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
White Cockatoo	Cacutua alba	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Burrowing Parrot	Cyanoliseus patagonus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Eclectus Parrot	Eclectus roratus	1986	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Galah	Eolophus roseicapillus	1960	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red Lory	Eos bornea	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Chattering Lory	Lorius garrulus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Budgerigar	Melopsittacus undulatus	1930s	At least 10 years	Established
Monk Parakeet	Myiopsitta monachus	1969	At least 10 years	Established
Black-hooded Parakeet	Nandayus nenday	1969	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Cockatiel	Nymphicus hollandicus	1960s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Black-headed Parrot	Pionites melanocephala	1993	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-crowned Parrot	Pionus senilis	1984	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Rueppell's Parrot	Poicephalus rueppellii	1960s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Senegal Parrot	Poicephalus senegalus	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Red-rumped Parrot	Psephotus haemantonotus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Dusky Lory	Pseudeos fuscata	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Malabar Parakeet	Psittacula columboides	2000	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Moustached Parakeet	Psittacula alexandri	1994	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Plum-headed Parakeet	Psittacula cyanocephala	1976	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Blossom-headed Parakeet	Psittacula roseata	1984	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Rose-ringed Parakeet	Psittacula krameri	1930s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula eupatria	1992	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Gray Parrot	Psittacus erithacus	1984	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Green-cheeked Parakeet	Pyrrhura molinae	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Maroon-bellied Parakeet	Pyrrhura frontalis	1980s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Maroon-fronted Parrot	Rhynchopsitta terrisi	1985	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Rainbow Lorikeet	Trichoglossus haematod	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Ornate Lorikeet	Trichoglossus ornatus	1988	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Scaly-breasted Lorikeet	Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus	1986	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Turacos
Violet Touraco	Musophaga violacea	1988	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Schalow's Turaco	Turaco schalowi	1992	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Owls
Spectacled Owl	Pulsatrix perspicillata	1970	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Rollers, kingfishers and relatives
Wreathed Hornbill	Aceros undulatus	1994	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill	Bucorvus abyssinicus	1991	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Silvery-cheeked Hornbill	Ceratogymna brevis	1994	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Ringed Kingfisher	Ceryle torquata	1995	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Toco Toucan	Ramphastos toco	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
African Gray Hornbill	Tockus nasutus	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Woodpeckers, toucans and relatives
Citron-throated Toucan	Ramphastos citreolaemus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Keel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos sulfuratus	1972	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Passerines or perching birds
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Common Myna	Acridotheres tristis	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Jungle Myna	Acridotheres fuscus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Zebra Finch	Amandava subflava	1990	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Red Avadavat	Amandava amandava	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
European Goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis	1986	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
European Greenfinch	Carduelis chloris	1963	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
House Finch	Carpodacus mexicanus		At least 10 years	Established
Common Raven	Corvus corax	1994	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Green Jay	Cyanocorax yncas	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Azure Jay	Cyanocorax caeruleus	1964	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Orange-cheeked Waxbill	Estrilda melpoda	1972	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Red-collared Widowbird	Euplectes ardens	1990	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red Bishop	Euplectes orix	1970s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Yellow-crowned Bishop	Euplectes afer	1984	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Orange Bishop	Euplectes franciscanus	1994	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Black Francolin	Francolinus francolinus	1960	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Greater Necklaced Laughing-thrush	Garrulax pectoralis	1960	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Hill Myna	Gracula religiosa	1950s	At least 10 years	Potentially Established
Black Bulbul	Hypsipetes madagascariensis	1998	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Spot-breasted Oriole	Icterus pectoralis	1960	At least 10 years	Established
Troupial	Icterus icterus	1960	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Asian Fairy-bluebird	Irena puella	1967	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Red-billed Leiothrix	Leiothrix lutea	1984	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Nutmeg Mannikin	Lonchura punctulata	1964	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
African Silverbill	Lonchura cantans	1965	At least 10 years	Unknown
Madagascar Mannikin	Lonchura nana	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Chestnut Mannikin	Lonchura malacca	1999	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-headed Mannikin	Lonchura maja	1988	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Chestnut Munia	Lonchura atricapilla	1965	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Greater Antillean Bullfinch	Loxigilla violacea	1977	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Common Nightingale	Luscinia megarhynchos	1920s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Cuban Bullfinch	Melopyrrha nigra	1958	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Java Sparrow	Padda oryzivora	1950s	At least 10 years	Unknown
Red-capped Cardinal	Paroaria gularis	1965	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Red-crested Cardinal	Paroaria coronata	1960	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	2000s	At least 10 years	Established
Sudan Golden Sparrow	Passer luteus	1986	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
American Magpie	Pica hudsonia	1934	Less than 10 years	Unknown
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	1960	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Banded Pitta	Pitta guajana	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Vitelline Masked Weaver	Ploceus velatus	1967	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Village Weaver	Ploceus cucullatus	1998	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Montezuma Oropendola	Psarocolinus montezuma	1959	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	1960s	At least 10 years	Established
Yellow-fronted Canary	Serinus mozambicus	1983	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola	1960s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
European Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	1920	At least 10 years	Established
Blue-gray Tanager	Thraupis episcopus	1960	At least 10 years	Extirpated
Cuban Grassquit	Tiaris canora	1958	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Red-cheeked Cordonbleu	Uraeginthus bengalus	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Pin-tailed Whydah	Vidua macroura	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown

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